Muscle Car Era Meets Future Technology in
New Concept Dodge Charger
1999 DODGE CHARGER R/T CONCEPT VEHICLE
Muscle Car Era Meets Future Technology in
New Concept Dodge Charger
LPG OR CNG
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LPG AND CNG?
As supplier of LPG and CNG systems we try to give more information about the differences between LPG and CNG systems.
The systems look simular but are totally different.
This photo shows a CNG pressure regulator.
| The differences are: | LPG | CNG | |
| power loss ± | 10 % | 20 % | unless special engine |
| Mileage ± | 1 L.: 10 KM. | 1 L.: 5 KM. | CNG at 200 bar |
| Tank pressure ± | 10 bar | 200 bar | |
| 60 litres tank useble ± | 60 x 80% = 48 Litres | 200 bar-30 bar = 170 bar | ± 30 bar residual pressure |
| Filling time 60L tank LPG nett 48 litres ± | 3 minutes - std. | 5 hours - slow fil. | No pre pressured CNG |
| Filling time 60L tank LPG nett 48 litres ± | 3 minutes -std. | 3 minutes or more fast fil. | 240 bar pre pressured CNG |
| actieradius ± | 48 x 10 = 480 km | 60L x 170bar / 200bar x 5 = 255 km | |
| Additional weight ± | 60 kilo | 80 kilo | unless smaller petrol tank |
| Conversion costs ± | 2250 € | 4500.- € | |
| FUEL costs a litre ± | 0.34 € | 0.05 € | prices in Holland |
This photo shows a LPG pressure regulator.
The following questions can help you by deciding to have a conversion CNG.
If you answer most of the questions with "yes" you might consider a CNG conversion. The following questions can help you by deciding to have a conversion to LPG.
If you answer most of the questions with "yes" you might consider an LPG conversion.
Turn Vegetable Oil into Biodiesel Fuel
The rising cost of fuel is prompting more people to look into alternatives. Aside from riding a bicycle, people are looking into alternative fuel sources. Many alternative fuel choices are too difficult or costly to even consider, but one, biodiesel, seems to stand out as a perfect option.
The most popular known alternative fuel is ethanol. However, it is hard to find and requires a special engine or engine modifications for use in a vehicle. Biodiesel, on the other hand, can be used in any diesel engine without modifications. While it is not easy to find in the mainstream, it can be easily made at home.
Many people have not heard of biodiesel. It is a natural fuel, made from vegetable oil. Biodiesel is made through a simple process of mixing some common and non-toxic ingredients. It does not produce any harmful byproducts either.
There are kits available to make biodiesel. They can cost thousands of dollars, but when comparing that to the savings over other fuel options, it is a bargain. Biodiesel costs roughly 70 cents per gallon. The savings are obvious.
Before starting to make your own biodiesel, you should do some research into it. The internet is a great source for information about biodiesel and making biodiesel. There are also companies that sell the kits and offer you everything you need to start making your biodiesel.
Biodiesel can be made using vegetable oil or canola or soy oil. It is a clean burning fuel, which means that it does not give off harmful emissions that cause environmental effects. Biodiesel can be used in any diesel running vehicle, however, many warranties do not cover the use of biodiesel. Should damage result from the use of biodiesel the manufacturers warranty is void. This, though, should be quick changing as more and more people are starting to find biodiesel as the best choice for their fuel needs.
Source: http://www.biodieselathome.net
Spark ignition natural gas engines—A review
This paper I found at ScienceDirect directory which described the history and technology of natural gas engine. Very informative paper for researher on this particular topic.You can dowload the paper for free. I enclosed the abstract for your quick reference. Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine emission regulations in many countries. Natural gas engines can operate at lean burn and stoichiometric conditions different combustion and emission characteristics. In this paper, the operating envelope, fuel economy, emissions, cycle-to-cycle variations in indicated mean effective pressure and strategies to achieve stable combustion of lean burn natural gas engines are highlighted. Stoichiometric natural gas engines are briefly reviewed. To keep the output power and torque of natural gas engines comparable to those of their gasoline or Diesel counterparts, high boost pressure should be used. High activity catalyst for methane oxidation and lean deNOx system or three way catalyst with precise air–fuel ratio control strategies should be developed to meet future stringent emission standards. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO
Engine Calibration Methods and Tools
Source: FEV
Modern engine developments are significantly impacted by overall efficiency. The goal is to optimize the trade-off between quality, timing and costs. Additionally, this situation is intensified by the distinct increase in the complexity of almost every area of modern diesel engine technology (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, advanced injection strategy, hybrid, Selective Catalytic Reduction, NOx adsorber and decoupled governing). Furthermore, it is apparent that all phases of the development, starting from concept to SOP, are impacted.
FEV supports the development process through the use of standardized methods for the appropriate tools, to further improve FEV’s high level status as a valuable and proven development partner in all areas of engine development. These tools have to be acquired and oriented directly by the needs of current and future complex diesel development. Consequently, original ideas that include integrated diesel engine knowledge and intelligent solutions are utilized by all of the technical departments of FEV’s diesel group. Flexibility and preparedness for future development requirements, which are the best basis to illustrate proven results and robust solutions of our customer’s goals, has led FEV to install and complete these standards, methods and tools through it’s own development department. All tools are tested and proven under real life operating conditions and finally integrated into FEV’s TOPexpert program. For more detailed information, please refer to Functions & Methods under TOPexpert tools.
The integrated and tool-supported development will result in saving resources, time and expenses through the growth of off-line activities that enable high quality solutions by using a numerical solver.
Engine Calibration Methods and Tools
These tools will support the capabilities of engineering, but will never be a substitute for them. It is only through the appropriate integration of such tools to the development program that will lead to the intended quality and guarantee target achievements. The validation of tool-aided diesel engine development results in real boundary conditions and is necessary for providing proven solutions to our customers. FEV’s diesel group is working on appropriate next generation methods and tools to satisfy future, advanced diesel development goals for our clients.
Alternative fuels
Alternative fuels are derrived from resources other than petroleum. Some are produced domestically, reducing our dependence on imported oil, and some are derived from renewable sources. Often, they produce less pollution than gasoline or diesel.
To promote alternative fuels, the Federal government offers tax incentives to consumers purchasing qualifying alternative fuel vehicles.
E85 Pump Label
Ethanol is produced domestically from corn and other crops and produces less greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fuels.
Biodiesel Logo
Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. It usually produces less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel.
CNG Logo Natural gas is a fossil fuel that generates less air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
CNG Logo Propane, also called liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), is a domestically abundant fossil fuel that generates less harmful air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
DOE Hydrogen Program Logo Hydrogen can be produced domestically from fossil fuels (such as coal), nuclear power, or renewable resources, such as hydropower. Fuel cell vehicles powered by pure hydrogen emit no harmful air pollutants.
http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/current.shtml
MOTEC engine management
MOTEC is one of engine management which is very convinient, friendly and easy set and reset. I have tried to tune my car using MOTEC engine management system version M800 couple months ago and the result is very impressive. I did some simulation using LOTUS simulation package to visualise the engine performance before connecting to new ECU. And finally set up to engine dyno ( eddy current typed) and compare with the simulation result, dyno test as well as production or OEM setting. I have some pictures to share with you all my experience with MOTEC engine management system.
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| From Untitled Album |
OBD-II Diagnostic Trouble Codes
What is OBD-II?
On-Board Diagnostic systems are in most cars and light trucks on the road today. During the '70s and early 1980's manufacturers started using electronic means to control engine functions and diagnose engine problems. This was primarily to meet EPA emission standards. Through the years on-board diagnostic systems have become more sophisticated. OBD-II, a new standard introduced in the mid-'90s, provides almost complete engine control and also monitors parts of the chassis, body and accessory devices, as well as the diagnostic control network of the car.
Why do we need it?
The Environmental Protection Agency has been charged with reducing "mobile emissions" from cars and trucks and given the power to require manufacturers to build cars which meet increasingly stiff emissions standards. The manufacturers must further maintain the emission standards of the cars for the useful life of the vehicle. OBD-II provides a universal inspection and diagnosis method to be sure the car is performing to OEM standards. While there is argument as to the exact standards and methodology employed, the fact is there is a need to reduce vehicle emitted pollution levels in our cities, and we have to live with these requirements.
Does my car have OBD-II?
All cars built since January 1, 1996 have OBD-II systems. Manufacturers started incorporating OBD-II in various models as early as 1994. Some early OBD-II cars were not 100% compliant.
- P0100- P0199
- P0300-P0399
- P0500-P0599
- P0700-P0799
- P0900-P0999
- P01100-P1199
- P1300-P1399
- P1500-P1599
- P1700-P1799
- P1900-P1999
Automotive Diagnostics Kit
The Pico Automotive Diagnostics Kit turns your laptop or desktop PC into a powerful automotive diagnostic tool for fault finding the increasing number of sensors, actuators and electronic circuits found on today's vehicles. The automotive kit is based around the highly successful range of Pico automotive oscilloscopes. These high resolution PC oscilloscopes connect to a USB port on your PC and can take up to 512,000 samples per trace, making it possible to capture complex automotive waveforms — including CAN bus signals — and then zoom in on areas of interest. Being PC-based these waveforms can then be saved to your PC for future reference, printed or emailed. Suitable for use with any modern vehicle automotive diagnostics kit The Pico Automotive Diagnostics Kit can be used to measure and test virtually all of the electrical and electronic components and circuits in any modern vehicle including: * Ignition (primary & secondary) * Injectors & fuel pumps * Starter & charging circuits * ABS sensors. Crank & cam sensors * Lambda, Airflow, knock & MAP sensors * Glow plugs / timer relays * Relative compression tests * CAN bus DOWNLOAD FREE: http://www.picotech.com/download.html
HEATED O2 SENSORS
HEATED O2 SENSORS To reduce the warm-up time of the sensor, an internal heating element may be used. Heated O2 sensors can reach an operating temperature of as high as 500 degrees C in as little as eight seconds! Shorter warm-up time means the system can go into closed loop fuel control sooner, which reduces emissions and improves fuel economy. Heating the sensor also means it can be located further downstream from the exhaust manifold. more info: http://home.btclick.com/mobiletuning/mt/oxygen.htm
Lambda sensor or oxygen sensor
The exhaust gas oxygen sensor (EGO or O2), or lambda sensor, is the key sensor in the engine fuel control feedback loop. The computer uses the O2 sensor's input to balance the fuel mixture, leaning the mixture when the sensor reads rich and richening the mixture when the sensor reads lean.
Lambda sensors produces a voltage signal that recognises the amount of unburned oxygen in the exhaust. An oxygen sensor is essentially a battery that generates its own voltage. When hot (at least 250 degrees c.), the zirconium dioxide element in the sensor's tip produces a voltage that varies according to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust compared to the ambient oxygen level in the outside air. The greater the difference, the higher the sensor's output voltage.
Sensor output ranges from 0.2 Volts (lean) to 0.8 Volts (rich). A perfectly balanced or "stoichiometric" fuel mixture of 14.7 parts of air to 1 part of fuel gives an average reading of around 0.45 Volts.
The lambda sensor's output voltage doesn't remain constant, however. It flip-flops back and forth from rich to lean. Every time the voltage reverses itself and goes from high to low or vice versa, it's called a "cross count." A good O2 sensor on a injection system should fluctuate from rich to lean about 1 per second. If the number of cross counts is lower than this, it tells you the O2 sensor is getting sluggish and needs to be replaced.
Most lambda sensors will cycle from rich to lean in about 50 to 100 milliseconds, and from lean to rich in 75 to 150 milliseconds. This is referred to as the "transition" time. If the O2 sensor is taking significantly longer to reverse readings, this too is an indication that it is getting sluggish and may need to be replaced.
Diesel/Gasoline Engine Conversion
Converting engines from diesel to CNG requires some good amount of expertise and may involve significant downtime. Suggested engine modifications to assure engine reliability, optimized power, fuel consumption and emissions may include optimizing compression ratio, valve lift, valve timing, exhaust system and intake manifold. Special attention goes to engine cooling, engine lubrication and the potential issue of excessive oil consumption. A properly modified engine can make the same power as the base engine. Diesel Engine Conversions May need to improve cooling system efficiency May need engine oil cooler May need new valve seats, guides and seals May need new pistons and rings Engine compression must be lowered May need a new camshaft Ignition system must be installed Cylinder head modifications are needed to install spark plugs Custom cam or crankshaft position sensors must be made Gasoline Engine Conversions May need to improve cooling system efficiency May need engine oil cooler May need new valve seats For higher efficiency, engine compression can be increased
CNG/LPG Timing Advance Processor
Timing advance processor is used in CNG/LPG vehicles. It sends specific signals to ECU of car and as a result the ECU itself advances the spark timing. This results in good pickup and mileage on such alternate fuels. Map1 is used in automatic transmission vehicles.
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